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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
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Female Reproductive Health

Gynaecological Disorders & Screening

When to See a Gynaecologist

Gynaecological care is essential—not just when something feels wrong, but as part of your regular health routine.

Routine Gynaecological Check-Ups

Annual gynaecological exams help detect early signs of conditions like cervical cancer, infections, fibroids, or ovarian cysts—even before symptoms appear. These visits support your overall well-being and peace of mind.

Recommended Screening Intervals

  • Pap smear every 3 years for women aged 25–29
  • Pap smear + HPV test every 5 years for women 30+
  • More frequent screening if you’re at higher risk
  • Regular STI screening for sexually active women

Pay Attention to These Symptoms

Don’t ignore signs like:

  • Heavy, painful, or irregular periods
  • Unexpected bleeding outside of menstruation
  • Painful sex or chronic pelvic pain
  • Unusual vaginal discharge or bleeding

These could indicate PCOS, endometriosis, infections, fibroids, or other treatable conditions.

Have Questions About Reproductive Health?

Whether it’s contraception, fertility, or menstrual concerns, a gynaecologist can help you make informed, confident decisions about your body.

Menstrual Disorders & Menstrual Pain

When should I see a doctor about menstrual pain?

If your period pain disrupts your daily activities, doesn’t improve with over-the-counter medications, or if you experience sudden new pain that you haven’t had before, it’s a good idea to consult a specialist.

What are common signs of menstrual health problems?

Signs include severe cramps, irregular periods, very heavy bleeding, spotting between periods, or periods that last longer than a week.

Can birth control help with painful periods?

Hormonal contraceptives may regulate your cycle and reduce the intensity of menstrual cramps and bleeding.

Is it normal to have irregular periods occasionally?

Occasional irregularity is common, especially during adolescence or perimenopause. However, persistent irregularities should be evaluated.

What conditions can cause menstrual pain?

Common causes include endometriosis, fibroids, adenomyosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), among others.

Menopause Management

At what age does menopause usually occur?

Most women experience menopause between the ages of 45 and 55, with the average age being around 51. However, symptoms can begin several years earlier during the perimenopausal stage.

When should I see a doctor about menopause?

If menopausal symptoms are affecting your daily life or you have concerns about early menopause, it is best to consult a healthcare professional.

Can menopause occur earlier than expected?

Yes, menopause before the age of 40 is called premature menopause or premature ovarian insufficiency. It requires medical evaluation and management.

Is hormone replacement therapy (HRT) safe?

HRT is safe for most women when prescribed appropriately. Your doctor will assess the benefits and risks based on your personal health history.

Are there non-hormonal ways to manage menopause symptoms?

Yes, lifestyle changes such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, stress management, and non-hormonal medications can help manage symptoms effectively.

Sexual & Pelvic Health

When should I see a doctor about pelvic or sexual discomfort?

You should consult a doctor if you experience persistent pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, changes in bladder or bowel habits, or emotional distress related to sexual health.

What signs suggest there may be a problem?

Symptoms such as pain during sex, chronic genital discomfort, urinary incontinence, or a bulging sensation in the pelvic area may indicate an underlying issue that requires medical attention.

Can these conditions affect my quality of life?

Yes, many pelvic and sexual health conditions can impact physical comfort, emotional well-being, and intimate relationships. Early diagnosis and treatment can greatly improve your quality of life.

Are these conditions common?

Yes, many women experience sexual and pelvic health concerns at some point in their lives, especially after childbirth, during menopause, or due to stress or trauma. You are not alone, and help is available.

Is treatment always medical or surgical?

Not always. Many conditions can be managed with conservative approaches such as physiotherapy, counselling, or lifestyle changes. Treatment is always tailored to your individual needs.

Pregnancy Care

Pre-Conception Screening Services

When should I start pre-pregnancy check care?

Ideally, you should schedule a pre-pregnancy check at least three to six months before trying to conceive. This allows time to address any health issues and prepare your body for pregnancy.

What does a pre-pregnancy check include?

It typically includes a review of your medical and family history, physical examination, blood tests for hormones and infections. Additional tests may be advised based on your individual needs.

Is a pre-pregnancy check advisable if I feel healthy?

Yes, even if you feel well, a pre-pregnancy check can uncover silent health concerns—such as nutritional deficiencies or underlying conditions—that may affect conception or pregnancy outcomes.

Can I still go for a pre-pregnancy check if I have had previous complications?

Absolutely. If you’ve experienced miscarriage, gestational diabetes, or any other complications in a previous pregnancy, a pre-pregnancy check helps your doctor plan for a safer and healthier next pregnancy.

Should my partner also be involved in the check-up?

Yes, involving your partner can be beneficial, especially when addressing fertility, genetic risks, or shared lifestyle habits. 

Antenatal Care and Delivery

When should I schedule my first antenatal appointment?

It is recommended to schedule your first antenatal appointment as soon as you confirm your pregnancy – ideally around 6 to 8 weeks. Early care helps establish your due date, assess your overall health, and begin essential prenatal screenings.

How often should I attend antenatal check-ups?

Antenatal visits typically occur once every four weeks in the first 28 weeks, fortnightly until 36 weeks, and then weekly until delivery. Your schedule may vary depending on your individual needs or if your pregnancy is considered high-risk, such as in IVF pregnancies.

What scans and tests will I need during pregnancy?

Scans and tests are done at key stages to monitor your baby’s development and your health. These include early pregnancy scans, the 20-week anomaly scan, glucose testing for gestational diabetes, and routine blood and urine tests.

What should I do if I have concerns between check-ups?

If you experience unusual symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, bleeding, or reduced foetal movement, contact your obstetrician immediately.

High-Risk Pregnancy Care

What is considered a high-risk pregnancy?

A high-risk pregnancy is one in which the health or life of the mother or baby may be at greater risk due to existing medical conditions, pregnancy-related complications, or factors such as age, multiple pregnancies, or past obstetric history. These pregnancies require closer monitoring and specialised care.

What are the symptoms or warning signs of a high-risk pregnancy?

Warning signs may include severe abdominal pain, heavy bleeding, high blood pressure, severe headaches, swelling of the hands or face, reduced foetal movement, or signs of preterm labour. If you notice any of these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.

When should I see a doctor if I suspect my pregnancy may be high-risk?

You should consult a doctor as early as possible—ideally before conception or immediately after a positive pregnancy test—if you have underlying health issues or have experienced complications in past pregnancies. Early assessment helps create a safe and personalised care plan.

Can I have a healthy baby with a high-risk pregnancy?

Yes, many women with high-risk pregnancies go on to have healthy babies. With early diagnosis, regular monitoring, and expert medical care, potential risks can be managed effectively to support a positive pregnancy outcome.

What kind of care will I need during a high-risk pregnancy?

High-risk pregnancies often involve more frequent antenatal visits, specialised tests such as detailed ultrasounds or blood work, and consultations with obstetricians or maternal-foetal medicine specialists. Your care plan will be tailored to your specific needs to ensure the best outcomes for both mother and baby.

Postpartum Follow-Up

How long does vaginal bleeding (lochia) last after childbirth?

Vaginal bleeding and discharge are normal after birth and may continue for several weeks, gradually decreasing over time.

Will I lose weight after giving birth?

Many women experience some natural weight loss after delivery, but the amount and pace vary for each person.

What breast changes can I expect?

Breast engorgement is common a few days after birth. Frequent breastfeeding on both breasts can help relieve soreness and fullness.

What can I take for postpartum pain?

Mild pain is normal. Your doctor may recommend over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen to ease discomfort.

When can I start exercising again?

Gentle activities like walking and pelvic floor exercises are usually safe once your doctor gives clearance—typically at your postpartum check-up.

How long do stitches take to heal after a vaginal delivery?

Stitches usually heal within a few weeks with proper care and hygiene.

When is it safe to resume sexual activity?

Most doctors recommend waiting about six weeks, or until your body has healed. Always consult your O&G specialist before resuming sex.

What are the signs of postpartum depression?

Signs include prolonged sadness, mood swings, irritability, fatigue, and loss of interest in daily activities. If these feelings persist, seek support early—it’s important for both you and your baby.

Are mood swings normal after giving birth?

Yes. Many women experience “postnatal blues” in the first few days or weeks. But if you feel overwhelmed or persistently low, talk to a healthcare provider.

Male Reproductive Health

When should I see a doctor about reproductive or sexual health concerns?

You should consult a doctor if you experience persistent issues such as erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, low libido, pain during intercourse, difficulty conceiving, or any unusual symptoms affecting your reproductive system. Early diagnosis can significantly improve treatment outcomes.

What are the common signs of male fertility problems?

Common signs may include difficulty conceiving despite regular unprotected sex, low sperm count or poor sperm motility (identified through semen analysis), swelling or pain in the testicles, or hormonal symptoms such as reduced facial hair or low libido.

Is erectile dysfunction always a physical problem?

Not necessarily. Erectile dysfunction (ED) can have both physical and psychological causes. Physical causes include conditions like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or low testosterone. Psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, or relationship issues can also contribute. A thorough assessment helps identify the cause.

What are the options if I have had a vasectomy but now want children?

A vasectomy reversal is one option, where the vas deferens is surgically reconnected. In some cases, sperm retrieval methods like TESE or TESA can be used in conjunction with assisted reproductive techniques such as IVF.

How can hormone imbalances affect male reproductive health?

Low testosterone or other hormonal imbalances can affect sperm production, libido, energy levels, and mood. Blood tests can identify imbalances, and hormone therapy may help restore normal function and improve quality of life.

Fertility & Intimacy Wellness

When Should I Seek Help for Fertility Treatment?

You should consider seeing a fertility specialist if:

  • You’ve been trying to conceive for 12 months (or 6 months if you’re over 35) without success
  • You have a known condition like PCOS, endometriosis, or irregular periods
  • Your partner has a history of low sperm count or male fertility issues
  • You’ve experienced recurrent miscarriages
  • You’re considering egg freezing for future family planning
  • You’re going to undergo treatments like chemotherapy or surgery that could affect your fertility, you may want to freeze your eggs or sperm before starting treatment.

Early assessment allows for faster answers, appropriate treatment, and a clearer plan forward.

What Medical Conditions Can Cause Female Infertility?

Several health conditions may affect fertility in women. Common causes include:

  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A hormonal imbalance that affects ovulation
  • Endometriosis: Tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, affecting fertility
  • Fibroids or Uterine Polyps: Can interfere with implantation or pregnancy
  • Blocked Fallopian Tubes: Often due to infections or past surgeries
  • Thyroid Disorders: Overactive or underactive thyroid can impact menstrual cycles and ovulation
  • Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI): Early loss of ovarian function

What Medical Conditions Can Cause Male Infertility?

Several health conditions may affect fertility in male. Common causes include:

  • Low Sperm Count or Poor Sperm Quality: Affects the ability to fertilise an egg
  • Hormonal Imbalances: Can disrupt sperm production
  • Varicocele: Enlarged veins in the scrotum that affect sperm health
  • Infections or STIs: Can impact sperm production or block sperm passage
  • Ejaculation Disorders or Erectile Dysfunction

Why Fertility Screening

Fertility screening can help identify medical conditions that cause infertility early. This allows for timely treatment, improves the chances of conception, and helps avoid unnecessary stress, heartache, and disappointment.

How Do I Know It’s Time to See a Clinical Sexologist?

You may consider seeing a clinical sexologist if you’re experiencing any of the following:

For Individuals or Couples:

  • Pain during sex or persistent discomfort
  • Low sexual desire or lack of arousal
  • Erectile dysfunction or difficulty maintaining an erection
  • Difficulty achieving orgasm
  • Sexual anxiety or emotional distress related to intimacy
  • Changes in sexual function after childbirth, menopause, or medical treatment
  • Challenges with sexual communication or connection in your relationship

Fertility Screening

When is the right time to do a fertility check-up?

You don’t have to wait until you face problems. The best time is when you’re thinking about starting a family – early screening helps you plan better and take action if needed.

Can fertility issues exist even if I have regular periods or no symptoms?

Yes. Many people with normal cycles or no obvious symptoms can still face fertility issues, which is why screening is important even if everything seems normal.

Can fertility screening help with family planning?

Yes, it gives you a clearer picture of your fertility health so you can make informed decisions – whether to conceive now, wait, or consider options like egg or sperm freezing.

Does fertility screening hurt or require downtime?

No. It’s a simple, non-invasive process involving blood tests, scans, and sample collection – all done during a clinic visit with no downtime required.

What if the results show a problem?

Don’t worry – our team will guide you through your options, including lifestyle changes, treatment plans, or advanced fertility support like IUI or IVF if needed.

Advanced Fertility Treatments

What’s the difference between IUI and IVF?

IUI involves placing sperm directly into the uterus, while IVF involves fertilizing eggs with sperm in a lab before transferring the resulting embryo to the uterus.

What’s the success rate of IUI vs IVF?

IUI has a success rate of around 10-12% per cycle, which can increase to 20% with fertility medication. 

IVF generally has a higher success rate than IUI, especially for couples with severe infertility or those who are older. 

Which option is suitable for me?

It depends on your specific fertility challenges, age, and budget. It’s crucial to have a thorough discussion with a fertility specialist to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for your individual need.

Key considerations:

  • Age:

IUI is generally recommended for couples under 35, while IVF is often considered for those 35 or older, especially if they have a history of unsuccessful IUI attempts. 

  • Infertility factors:

IVF is often recommended for couples facing severe infertility, such as blocked fallopian tubes, severe male factor infertility, or unexplained infertility. 

  • Cost:

IUI is generally more affordable than IVF, making it a good option for couples who are on a budget. 

  • Success rates:

IVF generally has higher success rates, but it’s important to weigh the costs, physical and emotional stress versus benefits of each treatment option. 

How long is the IVF Process?

An IVF cycle, from start to finish, typically takes around 4 to 8 weeks. This includes initial consultations, ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, fertilization, embryo transfer, and the pregnancy test. 

Fertility Preservation

Egg Freezing

What is the process of egg freezing?

  1. Ovarian Stimulation:

Hormonal injections are used to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs. 

  1. Egg Retrieval:

Mature eggs are collected from the ovaries through a minimally invasive procedure guided by ultrasound. 

  1. Freezing:

The eggs are frozen and stored in a liquid nitrogen tank for long-term storage. 

  1. Thawing and IVF:

When ready to conceive, the eggs are thawed and fertilized with sperm in vitro, and the resulting embryos are implanted in the uterus. 

What are the IVF success rates of egg freezing?

Success rates vary depending on several factors, including:

  • Age at the time of freezing:Younger women generally have higher success rates. 
  • Number of eggs frozen:More eggs increase the chances of at least one live birth later. 
  • Individual fertility factors:Other factors, such as overall health and the quality of the eggs, also influence success. 

How long can eggs be frozen?

There is no time limit on how long eggs can be frozen, as they can be stored indefinitely without a decrease in quality. 

Is there a cost to egg freezing?

Yes, there is a procedure cost, and yearly storage.

How many eggs can be retrieved from the procedure?

With good ovarian function, between 10 and 15 mature eggs can be retrieved from one procedure.

Does egg freezing affect future fertility?

No, egg freezing does not harm your natural fertility or reduce your ability to conceive naturally later on.

The eggs collected during the freezing process are from that specific cycle and do not affect the number of eggs your body will release in future cycles. Your ovaries will continue to function normally, and you can still try to conceive naturally when you’re ready.

Egg freezing simply gives you more options—and peace of mind—for the future.

Ovarian Cryopreservation

How does ovarian tissue cryopreservation work?

The procedure involves removing a small segment of ovarian tissue through a minimally invasive surgery, which is then carefully frozen using advanced cryogenic techniques and stored for reimplantation when you’re ready to restore fertility or hormone function.

What happens to the ovarian tissue after it is frozen?

Once frozen, your ovarian tissue is stored in a specialized cryobank under controlled conditions, keeping it viable for many years until it is needed for future fertility or hormone restoration procedures.

Can ovarian tissue cryopreservation restore fertility later?

Yes, when you decide to build your family, the stored ovarian tissue can be thawed and reimplanted to potentially restore natural fertility and hormone production, though success rates vary based on individual factors.

How long can ovarian tissue be stored?

Ovarian tissue can be stored for many years—often over a decade—under proper cryogenic conditions, allowing for a flexible timeline when planning for future fertility or hormonal needs.

How successful is the procedure in preserving fertility?

Success rates vary depending on your age, health, and the underlying reason for preservation; many women have successfully restored ovarian function and achieved pregnancy following reimplantation of frozen tissue.

Sperm Freezing

How is sperm collected for freezing?

It’s usually collected through masturbation at the clinic. If that’s not possible, other methods like testicular sperm extraction (TESE) may be used.

How long can sperm be stored?

Sperm can be stored indefinitely – as long as the samples are properly preserved. Successful pregnancies have occurred with sperm frozen for over 20 years.

Does freezing affect sperm quality?

Some sperm may not survive the thawing process, but many do. The quality depends on the initial sperm health before freezing.

Do I need to abstain before giving a sperm sample?

Yes. It is recommended to clear old sperm 3–4 days before giving your sample and remain abstinent afterward to ensure optimal sperm quality.

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